biography draft of Tyke Eskilson, justiciar of Vermland (fl

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M.Sjostrom

biography draft of Tyke Eskilson, justiciar of Vermland (fl

Legg inn av M.Sjostrom » 26 nov 2007 00:54:04

-constructive comments, amends, additions and
corrections welcome-



Tyke Eskilson av Vellinge, justiciar of Vermelandia
(baptismal name also rendered as Tuke, Toke, Tyge and
even Tooke), whose Coat-of-Arms depicted a chevro over
blade (sparre over blad), flourished 1379..97. He was,
for his term, leader of Vermelandian autonomy.

Tyke lived in a period when Vermelandia was, because
of dynastical disputes, detached from Sweden and in
close (personal) union with Norway. Vermelandia (norw
Vermland, sw Värmland) had been over a century a part
of Sweden, but had as much ancient ties with Norway.
Such mixed background was visible for example in
onomastical heritage, and cultural patterns.
Vermelandia has been also afterwards characterized as
'Half-Norwegian' part of Sweden.

For some reasons, Vermelandia though a borderzone, was
in historical records never really a full-scale
theater of war (with the possible exception of the
Haakon IV of Norway scorching expeditions in 1220s and
so, against the Ribbungers who used Vermelandia as
their one base in rebelling against the Norwegian
king). Norway and Sweden were now and then at
loggerheads, but, usually, warring between them took
mosly place in borders of Bahus county, the
traditionally Norwegian southeasternmost outpost on
the Skagerrak coast. Bahus county, because of
centuries-long need to have defences against
neighboring Sweden, was practically filled with
border-noble Norwegian families, usually of petty
nobility and described as border military rather than
in any way even approaching real aristocracy, high
nobility.
Still Vermelandia had to be defended too, and in late
medieval era it developed its own indigeneous dose of
border nobles, many of those "half-Norwegian"
Vermlander families later becoming recognized nobles
of "empire-era" Sweden.

In 1364, king Magnus IV and his heir, the young king
Haakon, were deposed of their Swedish throne by an
election conclave in Mora Stones who instead elected
Magnus' nephew Albert of Mecklenburg as king. Western
parts of Sweden remained loyal to kings Magnus and
Haakon; Vermelandia, Dalsland county, and tracts of
Westrogothia even as far as to the Vettern Lake.
With various peace talks between Norway and Sweden,
the possession was usually recognized, for example by
calling those provinces as personal fiefs, or pension,
of the former king of Sweden. At the time, the
territory consisting of Westrogothia, Vermelandia, and
possibly even parts of coastal Halland and Bahus, were
a separate entity, together with each other, more than
at any other stage of known history.

Thus, in 1370s and 1380s, Tyke's home province was
effectively a part of Norway. Its real governor was
marshal Erik Kettilson Puke, who held the castles of
Edsholmen (the new center of Vermelandian military
administration, on the north coast of Lake Venern),
Amnaholm (in Westrogothia, southwestern shore of Lake
Venern), and Dalaborg (center of Dalsland). Erik
Puke’s personal fiefs also included the Orust island
in Bohus county, and Soleyar in Norwegian Ostlandet.
The fortresses of Edsholmen and Amnaholm were built in
around 1360s, possibly at instigation of high
constable Erik Puke, and because of defence of these
provinces in the civil-war-like situation.

In 1388 and 1389, the Dowager Queen Margaret, widow of
king Haakon, managed to oust Albert from power in
Sweden, and united also that kingdom to personal union
with Norway and Denmark. Her taking over Sweden
started from dalaborg, where a group of promonent
Swedish magnates and noblemen gathered for making
Tractate of Dalaborg.
Vermelandia once again became technically a part of
Sweden.

Thus, for the rest of the life of justiciar Tyke, the
shadow of border wars disappeared, with queen
Margaret’s success. Vermelandia had managed to
maintain a degree of local autonomy, which fluently
was led by, for example, the local justiciar.

Tyke Eskilson and later also his (possibly elder)
brother Joens Eskilson (the latter recently widowed)
married sisters, the two daughters of burgrave Torkel
Barun, onetime castellan of Varberg, and an important
magnate and landowner in Halland and Westrogothia,
provinces directly south of Vermlandia. This probably
was at least partially explained by political
circumstances: when the girls were growing to
womanhood, those territories where they and their
father held remarkable properties, belonged to the
Norwegian king as above explained.

Connections over the new border in middle of
historical Sweden, to Sweden ruled by the enemy party,
supporters of king Albert, were somewhat difficult,
and, besides, family of the apparently loyal Torkel
Barun may have regarded the usurper Albert's
supporters as unsuitable matches.
Possibly these two marriages were intended to
reinforce ties between Vermlanders, Hallanders and
Westrogothians.

Tyke Eskilson's wife was lady Gunhild Torgilsdottir
(presumably elder of the two), who is recorded as
legitimate heiress of Hellekis, Bosgaarden and
Hjelmseter. Their marriage took place probably in
1380s.
Gunhild is known to have given two of her
Westrogothian manors (Hellekis and Bosgaarden) to rent
to the crown, to be cultivated by the crown as
arrendator; this presumably because they were remote
from Vermelandia where she resided, in marriage. Also,
it is believed Gunhild (if she survived her husband, a
matter that is not historically known) became widow at
a fairly young age, thirtyish, in around 1400.

The couple Tyke and Gunhild had several children,
presumably born in 1390s. Three sons and two daughters
are historically somewhat known:

- Kristina Tykadotter, who married a Danish knight,
Lave Posse, lord of Lovaas, and they established a
(new) noble family into Westrogothia: the house of
Posse

- Helena Tykadotter (fl 1411, d 1448), who went to be
a nun at the Vadstena bridgettine convent

- Niklis Tykason (fl 1424..33), who inherited
Vellinge, and became, like his father, justiciar of
Vermelandia – married (historian Bengt Hildebrand
assigns the date of the marriage to 1414, see SBL XIV
p 535) Ingeborg Bjornsdottir, presumably from the
Vermelandian house of the Vinge

- Torgils Tykason, nicknamed Barun (fl 1426..48). He
became documented as the younger Torkel Barun,
namesake of his maternal grandfather. The maternal
onomastics, byname and baptismal name both, continued
and were possibly intended to perpetuate in his
lineage. He seems to have inherited Hjelmseter –
which, for good reasons, is thought to have been seat
of grandfather Torkel Barun. His wife was from the
Swedish family of Grevseboda, [Fargalt].

- Joens Tykason (probably lived yet in 1444). His
lineage was to inherit Hellekis in Westrogothia.

Justiciar Tyke was possibly somewhat older than his
wife. Anyway, there exist no documentation of him
living after 1397.
His career (a thing correlating much with adulthood),
what is recorded, lasted a tad less than two decades.
It can be estimated that he were probably in his
forties (or fifty) when he disappeared from
contemporary documentation, and presumably deceased,
in around 1400.
If his disappearance from records means his death,
then justiciar Tyke did not survive so see his
children as adults and their marriages. Nothing is
known of his wife Gunhild’s survival. Their children
may have been orphans when reaching adulthood in
around 1410s.

His (elder) brother, knight Joens Eskilson (fl
1373..1400), Royal Councillor of the union of all
three Scandinavian kingdoms, possibly survived him,
contracting in around 1400 (possibly 1398) his second
marriage with Gunhild’s younger sister Estrid
Torgilsdotter af Hallkved. However, knight Joens must
have deceased before 1408 at latest. Estrid af
Hallkved, aunt of the children of justiciar Tyke
Eskilson of Vermelandia, remarried, and attestedly
lived several decades.





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