marchioness Helena Snakenborg, baptismal name also
rendered Elin in Swedish, (c 1549 - 10 April 1635) was
a Swedish-born noblewoman and one of important,
closest aides and courtiers of queen Elizabeth I of
England. She was titularly Marchioness of Northampton.
She was born in Sweden, as Elin Ulfsdotter av
Fyllingarum, presumably in the province of
Ostrogothia, in either 1548 or 1549, as a younger
daughter of Ulf Henriksson, lord of Fyllingarum (dc
1565), a High Councillor of Sweden, and his wife
Agneta Knutsdotter, heiress of Norrnes. Her father was
a supporter of Gustav I, king of Sweden. "By all
accounts, Helena was a beautiful woman, with large
brown eyes, red hair, and a perfect pink and white
complexion." Her character has been attributed with
strong will and independent mind.
Helena (Elin) had two brothers and three sisters who
survived childhood and had own children. She was
baptized namesake of her paternal grandmother, Elin
Ulfsdotter of the Norwegian house of Sudreim, and her
paternal grandfather's grandmother, another Elin
Snakenborg. The name Snakenborg was taken from from
Helena's paternal grandfather's paternal grandmother,
the said Elin Henriksdotter Snakenborg, whose
patrilineal ancestors were originally from
Mecklenburg. Also Helena's mother seems to have been a
descendant of Agnes of Borgarsyssel, natural daughter
of king Haakon V of Norway.
Contrary to in some genealogies presented claims,
marchioness Helena's ancestry has not been able to be
proven to include medieval Viking earls of Orkney. And
contrary to claims in some genealogies, she seems to
have not descended from the sister of St.Bridget of
Sweden.
Helena was one of six young Swedish noble ladies who
were noble maidens in the retinue of Cecilia of
Sweden, Margravine of Baden, second-eldest daughter of
king Gustav I. Helena's mother had not been eager to
let her young daughter to travel abroad, but was
persuaded by Cacilia, and Helena herself. Cecilia and
her retinue departed Sweden in Autumn 1564 on a voyage
to England, at invitation of queen Elizabeth I. It was
rumoured that Cecilia decided to visit England to
revive the suit of her half-brother king Eric XIV of
Sweden to marry Elizabeth I who also was a heroine to
Cecilia. Because Denmark-Norway was hostile towards
Swedes, they had to take a roundabout, land route.
They travelled through Finland, Livonia, Poland and
Germany, which took lots of time, until Calais. The
party is also reported to have been hampered by bad
weather, and the last leg by seasickness. All in all,
it took almost a year of them to reach their
destination - they arrived only on 8 September 1565 to
Dover. Margravine Cecilia of Baden was at the time
heavily pregnant. The welcoming party at Dover was led
by sir William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl
of Essex, etc (1513-1571), the only surviving son of
sir Thomas Parr of Kendal, and brother of the late
Queen Katherine.
"On their arrival many prominent members of English
nobility received the party", including soon the queen
regnant. Helena Snakenborg caught the interest of the
elderly Marquess of Northampton, who soon started to
woo her. Lord Northampton presented Helena with many
extravagant gifts such as clothes and jewels, and
(according to reports) "being an impressionable and
romantic young girl, Helena was swept off her feet by
the experienced older man". Other assessments have
pointed that Helena seems to have understood the
advantages of a rich, aged husband, and possible
wealthy widowhood in near future. Helena's letters to
home talk about the wealth, high rank, court position
and might of her suitor, but not about his agedness
nor personal character.
In London they settled at Bedford House. Soon Cecilia
gave birth to her son Eduard Fortunatus of Baden, who
got queen Elizabeth as his godmother.
Margravine Cecilia, reportedly a wastrel, gathered
large debit because of her lavish lifestyle. Having
found herself unable to pay her debts, she left
England in April 1566 in order to escape her
creditors. Meanwhile, queen Elizabeth seems to have
become friends with Helena, though there was a
difference of about 15 years in the two women's ages.
Cecilia wanted to take Helena with her, but the young
lady, reportedly enjoying life in England and having
ensnared the wealthy Marquess, was not interested in
departing. Helena's keen wish to remain was granted
through influence of queen Elizabeth, who reportedly
was attached to the Parr family, the Marquess' sister
Katherine Parr, last queen of Henry VIII, having been
Elizabeth's stepmother and fosterer in queen's youth.
Marquess William was reportedly like an uncle to the
queen.
Lord Northampton hoped to marry Helena but was
prevented from so doing because his first, though
divorced, wife Anne Bourchier, heiress of the Essex
family, yet lived. They had divorced in 1551, but
English church was not permissible of new marriages of
divorced persons until the divorced spouse was dead.
Queen Elizabeth was fond of young Helena and appointed
her a Maid of Honour from about 1567, before promoting
her to gentlewoman of the royal privy chamber.
Particularly the latter position was highly respected
and at the heart of the court. Helena became one the
queen's most intimate aides and controlled access to
the queen. It has been reported that fairly often, it
was Helena's task to warm up the cold bed (as beds
were in those days in castles) for the queen, which is
why Helena is sometimes mentioned as "bed partner" of
the queen.
Helena was granted many privileges, such as her own
lodgings at the Hampton Palace, servants, and a horse.
"However, she was not a waged member of the privy
chamber and it is not known how regularly she attended
the royal court."
Because Anne Bourchier died on 26 January 1571,
Northampton and Helena were finally able to marry. The
wedding took place in May 1571 in Elizabeth's presence
in the queen's closet at Whitehall Palace with pomp
and circumstance. The bride was twenty-two and the
groom fifty-seven. It has been estimated that Helena
thus became the second lady in rank in England, being
sort of step-aunt to the Queen Regnant. "They seemed
happy together and divided their time between their
houses in Guildford, Surrey, and at Stanstead Hall,
Essex." The marriage came to a sudden end within a few
months when the marquess died on 28 October 1571.
There were no children. The Dowager Marchioness Helena
had received a substantial dower. According to English
custom, as widow of a peer whose title went extinct,
she enjoyed the title of Marchioness for the rest of
her life, despite her new marriage. Helena seems to
have been also known as the "Good Lady Marquess".
Fairly soon marchioness Helena had another suitor,
Thomas Gorges, of Langford, a second cousin of the
late Anne Boleyn, mother of the Queen, and of a noble
family, having cognatic descent from the first Howard
duke of Norfolk. Thomas is attributed as honest and
not corruptible, which had led him to various trusted
tasks on behalf of his cousin the queen. "The queen
was originally in favour of Thomas' approaches to
Helena but changed her mind and refused to consent to
a marriage", perhaps as a result of "her notorious
sexual jealousy regarding gentlewomen of her privy
chamber" or because she had strong views on unequal
marriages: Helena was a marchioness and the queen's
kinsman Gorges yet only a gentleman.
Thomas Gorges and marchioness Helena married in secret
about 1576. When Elizabeth learned of their deed,
Helena was exiled from the court, and Thomas was
incarcerated to Tower for a while. However Helena was
later reinstated, possibly with the help of the lord
chamberlain, her influential friend Thomas Radcliffe,
3rd Earl of Sussex. The queen warmed to Helena again.
Helena and Thomas had eight (surviving) children.
Their first child was born in June 1578 and named
Elizabeth (1578-1659) after the queen, who was her
godmother. Their first son, Francis Gorges (died in or
before 1599), was probably born in 1579; and allegedly
named after the good family friend, sir Francis Drake.
They had two more daughters, Frances Gorges
(1580-1649) and Bridget Gorges (1584-c1634), and four
more sons, all of whom became dubbed knights: Edward
Gorges, 1st Baron of Dundalk (born 1582 or 1583, died
in or before 1652), Theobald Gorges (1583-1647),
Robert Gorges (1588-1648), and Thomas Gorges (b 1589,
died after 1624).
The couple had their town house at Whitefriars. Helena
had Thomas Gorges to rebuild his property of today
Longford, Wiltshire, south from Salisbury. The mansion
had been damaged by fire when he acquired it and a
replacement was completed at great expense by 1591,
under the final supervision of John Thorpe. Longford
Castle was the model for the 'Castle of Amphialeus' in
sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia.
In 1582 Thomas was sent as English envoy to Sweden.
And met there Helena's family members. Helena also had
continuous correspondence with relatives in Sweden,
and for example with Duke Charles of Sudermannia,
later king Charles IX, her childhood friend.
In 1584 the queen granted an estate at Sheen to Helena
and Thomas for their life. It was a former monastery
straight north from the queen's chief residence, the
Richmond Palace, and near London City. This meant that
Thomas and Helena were able to live with their
children while also serving at the royal court.
Thomas Gorges of Langford was knighted in 1586. It has
been reported that marchioness Helena did not
participate in court intrigues, instead she was
focused to her family; and that there exists no court
rumors about her.
Queen Elizabeth granted Helena manors in
Huntingdonshire and Wiltshire, which was totally
uncharacteristic to the parsimonious queen. The
marchioness was still valued highly by queen Elizabeth
and "often acted as her deputy at the baptism of the
children of distinguished noblemen".
The elderly queen became yet more dependent on Helena,
who was her important support during the last years,
particularly as the queen's health had deteriorated.
Queen Elizabeth died in March 1603.
Marchioness Helena was the Chief Mourner in the royal
funeral procession as senior peeress because Arbella
Stuart refused to undertake the role and king James
was not yet in London. In the funeral procession, she
walked first, supported by Chancellor of the Exchequer
and Lord High Admiral of England. This is mentioned as
apogee of her career.
Helena and Thomas took part in July 1603 the
coronation of the new monarch, James, and his Danish
wife Anne. However soon they moved to Langford from
the pest-ridden London. The accession of James meant
that Helena was demoted from the new queen's privy
chamber. However both occasionally served at the new
court and in other royal tasks. Helena brokered the
king's relations with Sweden, for example the Swedish
attempt to have Elizabeth, king James' eldest
daughter, as bride for the Swedish heir, Gustav Adolf,
son of Charles IX (which project was rejected by Anne
of Denmark, her mother).
sir Thomas Gorges died on 30 March 1610 at the age of
seventy-four, after which marchioness Helena
"increasingly retreated from public life". She
reportedly remained a "devoted member of the Church of
England". Some time, she resided at her house of
Sheen, near the court, but in the end retreated to
Redlynch, Somerset, the manor of her son sir Robert
Gorges. Letters show that Helena had close contact
with her children and grandchildren, gave advice and
support to them, and they visited often each others.
Marchioness Helena's last preserved letter, dated 8
September 1634, to a maternal grandson, is signed with
a clearly wavering hand.
Helena died at the age of 86 on 10 April 1635 at
Redlynch manor, and was buried on 14 May in Salisbury
Cathedral. It has been claimed that Helena had
ninety-two direct descendants at the time of her
death.
In fiction, marchioness Helena has been described as
female lover and long-time partner of the lesbian
Queen Elizabeth I.
____________________________________________________________________________________
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a biography of Helena Snakenborg, marchioness of Northampton
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M.Sjostrom
a biography of Helena Snakenborg, marchioness of Northampton
Legg inn av M.Sjostrom » 15 okt 2007 01:00:04
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- ↳ Notodden-Rjukan-distriktet
- ↳ Hjartdal
- ↳ Notodden
- ↳ Tinn
- ↳ Notodden-Rjukan-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Skien-Porsgrunn-distriktet
- ↳ Bamble
- ↳ Porsgrunn
- ↳ Siljan
- ↳ Skien
- ↳ Skien-Porsgrunn-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Vest-Telemark
- ↳ Fyresdal
- ↳ Kviteseid
- ↳ Nissedal
- ↳ Tokke
- ↳ Vinje
- ↳ Vest-Telemark - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Telemark - ukjent sted
- ↳ Troms
- ↳ Indre Troms
- ↳ Balsfjord
- ↳ Bardu
- ↳ Målselv
- ↳ Indre Troms - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Nord-Troms
- ↳ Gaivuotna - Kåfjord
- ↳ Kvænangen
- ↳ Lyngen
- ↳ Nordreisa
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- ↳ Nord-Troms - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Senja
- ↳ Berg
- ↳ Dyrøy
- ↳ Lenvik
- ↳ Sørreisa
- ↳ Torsken
- ↳ Tranøy
- ↳ Senja - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Sør-Troms
- ↳ Bjarkøy
- ↳ Gratangen
- ↳ Harstad
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- ↳ Kvæfjord
- ↳ Lavangen
- ↳ Salangen
- ↳ Skånland
- ↳ Sør-Troms - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Tromsø-distriktet
- ↳ Karlsøy
- ↳ Tromsø
- ↳ Tromsø-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Troms - ukjent sted
- ↳ Vest-Agder
- ↳ Flekkefjord distriktet
- ↳ Flekkefjord
- ↳ Kvinesdal
- ↳ Sirdal
- ↳ Flekkefjord distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Kristiansand distriktet
- ↳ Kristiansand
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- ↳ Vennesla
- ↳ Kristiansand distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Mandal-Farsund distriktet
- ↳ Audnedal
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- ↳ Mandal-Farsund distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Vest-Agder - ukjent sted
- ↳ Vestfold
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- ↳ Hof
- ↳ Holmestrand
- ↳ Horten
- ↳ Re
- ↳ Sande i Vestfold
- ↳ Svelvik
- ↳ Holmestrand-Horten-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Larvik-distriktet
- ↳ Larvik
- ↳ Lardal
- ↳ Larvik-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Tønsberg-Sandefjord-distriktet
- ↳ Andebu
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- ↳ Sandefjord
- ↳ Stokke
- ↳ Tjøme
- ↳ Tønsberg
- ↳ Tønsberg-Sandefjord-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Vestfold - ukjent sted
- ↳ Østfold
- ↳ Fredrikstad-Sarpsborg-distriktet
- ↳ Fredrikstad
- ↳ Hvaler
- ↳ Sarpsborg
- ↳ Fredrikstad-Sarpsborg-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Halden-distriktet
- ↳ Aremark
- ↳ Halden
- ↳ Halden-distriktet - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Indre Østfold
- ↳ Askim
- ↳ Eidsberg
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- ↳ Rømskog
- ↳ Skiptvet
- ↳ Spydeberg
- ↳ Trøgstad
- ↳ Indre Østfold - ukjent kommune
- ↳ Moss-distriktet
- ↳ Moss
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- Nyhetsgrupper (arkiv)
- ↳ Google nyhetsgrupper
- Fora der du kan skrive norsk
- ↳ no.fritid.slektsforsking.etterlysing
- ↳ no.fritid.slektsforsking.diverse
- ↳ no.fritid.slektsforsking.it
- ↳ dk.videnskab.historie.genealogi
- ↳ dk.videnskab.historie.lokalhistorie
- ↳ se.hobby.genealogi
- Fora der du MÅ skrive engelsk
- ↳ alt.genealogy
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- Om Slektsforum
- ↳ Informasjon om Slektsforum
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- ↳ Møre og Romsdal
- ↳ Aure: Gardtales i Aure
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- ↳ Averøy: Averøy bygdebok
- ↳ Eide: Eideboka. Gard og slekt
- ↳ Frei: Gards- og ættesoge for Frei
- ↳ Gjemnes: Gards- og ættesoge for Gjemnes
- ↳ Gjemnes: Gards- og ættesoge for Tingvoll, bind 1
- ↳ Halsa: Halsaboka
- ↳ Halsa: Gardtales i Valsøyfjord
- ↳ Kristiansund: Befolkningen på Grip gjennom 300 år
- ↳ Rindal: Gards- og ættesoge for Rindal
- ↳ Smøla: Smøla bygdebok
- ↳ Sunndal: Heimar og ætter i Stangvik, bind 3
- ↳ Sunndal: Sunndalsboka
- ↳ Surnadal: Folk og heimar i Åsskard
- ↳ Surnadal: Gards- og ættesoge for Surnadal
- ↳ Surnadal: Heimar i Surnadal
- ↳ Surnadal: Heimar og ætter i Stangvik, bind 1-2
- ↳ Tingvoll: Gards- og ættesoga for Straumsnes
- ↳ Tingvoll: Gards- og ættesoge for Tingvoll, bind 2-3
- ↳ Tingvoll: Heimar og ætter i Stangvik, bind 3
- ↳ Tustna: Tustna bygdebok
- ↳ Kjøp og salg
- ↳ Funn
- ↳ Diskuter DIS-Norges programtester